LEISHMANIASIS COUNTRY PROFILE – PRIORITY COUNTRIES

As part of a WHO-led effort to monitor the progress in the control or elimination of the leishmaniases, national control programmes in
countries where the burden of the disease is high for that particular WHO Region, are providing monthly or annual data on yearly basis.
Previous and latest /media/upload/arxius/country_profiles are therefore posted in this web page for comparative purposes.

The latest version summarizes information collected for 18 and 12 indicators, for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis respectively, on
epidemiology, control and surveillance, diagnosis and treatment outcome.

The latest version of the national guidelines is also posted if available.

In addition to the 43 new profiles based on routine surveillance data, a further 101 profiles for all endemic countries worldwide are included
containing information based on a literature review and expert opinion for data as of 2008 (maps) and 2010 (number of cases).

Country profiles have been provided by the WHO- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD).

 

Pakistan is endemic for ACL, CL, VL and ZCL.

CL is a major and rapidly increasing public health problem. Its extensive spread is associated with mass migration from endemic to non-endemic areas and vice versa. Outbreaks are frequent. Two causative parasites of CL are present: L. major, which mainly occurs in Balochistan and neighbouring Punjab and Sindh provinces, and L. tropica, which has the widest distribution and is prevalent in urban areas of southern Punjab (Multan) and Balochistan (Quetta) but also focally in the northern areas.


AVAILABLE

2015

2014

2010


DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)


NATIONAL GUIDELINES

Panama is endemic for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and between 2001 and 2016, a total of 34,231 cases have been reported.

These leishmaniasis forms is caused by L. panamensis, L. braziliensis and L. colombiensis. Sloth species (Choloepus hoffmani and Bradypus griseus) are the primary reservoir host of L. panamensis. In areas of Panama, 19.3% of C. hoffmani were found to be infected. The parasite was present in skin, blood, bone marrow, liver and spleen.

The proven vectors are Lu. panamensis, Lu. gomezi, Lu. Trapidoi, Lu. Ylephiletor, Lu. cruciata and Lu. sanguinaria.


AVAILABLE

PAHO-2018-PT

PAHO-2018-EN

PAHO-2018-SP

PAHO-2017-SP

PAHO-2017-PT

PAHO-2017-EN

PAHO-2016-EN

PAHO-2016-SP

PAHO-2016-PT

PAHO-2015-EN

PAHO-2015-SP

PAHO-2015-PT


DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)


NATIONAL GUIDELINES

Paraguay is endemic for cutaneous, mucosal and visceral leishmaniasis.

CL is reportedly endemic in 59 districts (second sub-national administrative level) with 1.9 million population at risk. Between 2001 and 2016 a total of 6,979 cases have been reported.

The first VL case in South America was described in Paraguay in 1913, but it was possibly imported. A confirmed autochthonous case was first reported in 1945. In 2016 around 70% of VL cases originate in central departments and in the capital (Asunción), where urban transmission is a major concern. The high proportion of dogs in Asunción with canine VL combined with a high vector density, uncontrolled urbanization and population growth are associated with the rise in case numbers. Paraguay is the second country with more reported cases in this region. In the period from 2013 to 2016 a total of 381 cases were notified to PAHO/WHO. Adjacent areas in Argentina and Brazil share the epidemic progression of zoonotic VL.


AVAILABLE

2015

2014

2010

PAHO-2018-PT

PAHO-2018-EN

PAHO-2018-SP

PAHO-2017-SP

PAHO-2017-PT

PAHO-2017-EN

PAHO-2016-EN

PAHO-2016-SP

PAHO-2016-PT

PAHO-2015-EN

PAHO-2015-SP

PAHO-2015-PT


DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)


NATIONAL GUIDELINES

Leishmaniasis remains an important public health problem in Peru, and it is transmitted in around 74% of the country’s surface. The two forms of CL are mainly defined by their geographical and clinical characteristics, namely: Andean leishmaniasis (“uta”) and sylvatic leishmaniasis (“espundia”).

Uta occurs on the western slopes of the Andean and inter-Andean valleys at altitudes of 900–3000 m, where it is caused by L. peruviana. Agricultural workers are at high risk of infection. Most uta cases are in children and more than 80% of the adult population exhibit scars. Espundia is caused mostly by L. braziliensis in the primary tropical forest, where close contact between humans and the sylvatic vector occurs.

Between 2001 and 2016 a total of 66,391 cases have been reported to PAHO/WHO and in 2016 the mucocutaneous form represented 7,5% of total cases notified in the country.


AVAILABLE

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2010

PAHO-2018-PT

PAHO-2018-EN

PAHO-2018-SP

PAHO-2017-SP

PAHO-2017-PT

PAHO-2017-EN

PAHO-2016-EN

PAHO-2016-SP

PAHO-2016-PT

PAHO-2015-EN

PAHO-2015-SP

PAHO-2015-PT


DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)


NATIONAL GUIDELINES