LEISHMANIASIS COUNTRY PROFILE – PRIORITY COUNTRIES
As part of a WHO-led effort to monitor the progress in the control or elimination of the leishmaniases, national control programmes in
countries where the burden of the disease is high for that particular WHO Region, are providing monthly or annual data on yearly basis.
Previous and latest /media/upload/arxius/country_profiles are therefore posted in this web page for comparative purposes.
The latest version summarizes information collected for 18 and 12 indicators, for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis respectively, on
epidemiology, control and surveillance, diagnosis and treatment outcome.
The latest version of the national guidelines is also posted if available.
In addition to the 43 new profiles based on routine surveillance data, a further 101 profiles for all endemic countries worldwide are included
containing information based on a literature review and expert opinion for data as of 2008 (maps) and 2010 (number of cases).
Country profiles have been provided by the WHO- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD).
India
India is endemic for CL and VL in the Indian sub-continent. PKDL cases are also reported with an increasing trend.
CL caused by L. tropica and L. major occurs in the north-western states of India (foci in Rajasthan and Punjab). The most affected area in Rajasthan is Bikaner district.
Historically, VL caused by L. donovani was widely prevalent in India and it was almost eliminated as a result of extensive DDT spraying under the national malaria eradication programme in the 1960s. A total 130 million population is at risk in 611 blocks (third sub-national administrative level). The number of cases is in constant decline due to implementation of the kala-azar elimination programme.
AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)
NATIONAL GUIDELINES
Iran (Islamic republic of)
The Islamic Republic of Iran is endemic for CL and VL.
About 70% of CL is caused by L. major and it is endemic in many rural areas.
ACL caused by L. tropica is found in Tehran as well as in other areas. Outbreaks are related to population increase, unplanned urbanization and the abundant sandfly population. ACL is endemic in 160 districts (third sub-national administrative level) with 9.6 million population at risk.
ZCL is endemic in 842 districts with 2.4 million population at risk.
VL is reported to be endemic in 30 districts with 2 million population at risk. It is caused by L. infantum and is less common. The main endemic areas are the province of Fars, in the south, and the districts of Meshkinshahr in the north-west.
AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)
NATIONAL GUIDELINES
Iraq
Israel
Leishmaniasis is a notifiable disease in Israel since 1949. The Israeli Ministry of Health conducts routine passive national surveillance of leishmaniasis. Reports are centralized at the Ministry of Health from each of the 15 regional health districts.
The main burden of leishmaniasis in Israel is due to zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (~ 99%). L. major and L. tropica are the main causative agents of CL in Israel, but CL caused by L. infantum also exists in very small numbers. Only sporadic cases of human VL occur.
During 2005-2016, the majority of patients each year are reported from the southern district (the Negev area), which is an endemic region for leishmania due to L.major.
AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)
NATIONAL GUIDELINES
Italy
Italy is endemic for visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Transmission occurs by L. infantum. VL focus is zoonotic in nature and domestic dogs and wild canines serve as reservoir hosts, bringing the infection close to humans. Between 1998 and 2016, about 2030 VL cases have been reported.
About 807 CL cases were reported during the same period. Cases have seen a sharp increase in 2016. Sandfly species prevalent are P. perniciosus, P. perfiliewi, P. neglectus and P. ariasi.
AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)
NATIONAL GUIDELINES