LEISHMANIASIS COUNTRY PROFILE – PRIORITY COUNTRIES
As part of a WHO-led effort to monitor the progress in the control or elimination of the leishmaniases, national control programmes in
countries where the burden of the disease is high for that particular WHO Region, are providing monthly or annual data on yearly basis.
Previous and latest /media/upload/arxius/country_profiles are therefore posted in this web page for comparative purposes.
The latest version summarizes information collected for 18 and 12 indicators, for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis respectively, on
epidemiology, control and surveillance, diagnosis and treatment outcome.
The latest version of the national guidelines is also posted if available.
In addition to the 43 new profiles based on routine surveillance data, a further 101 profiles for all endemic countries worldwide are included
containing information based on a literature review and expert opinion for data as of 2008 (maps) and 2010 (number of cases).
Country profiles have been provided by the WHO- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD).
Afghanistan
Afghanistan is endemic for ACL, CL, VL and ZCL.
ACL is widespread across 254 districts in 20 provinces with 10.3 million population at risk in endemic areas. Poor housing conditions and displacement of people are key factors in maintaining the endemicity.
CL is a well-known condition in endemic areas and is also called “saldana” (one-year sore) in the local language. Afghanistan has the largest foci of CL in the world.
VL endemicity is not fully understood and is considered to be poorly reported due to limited surveillance and availability of diagnostic services.
ZCL is reported to be endemic in all 16 districts of Balkh province.
AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)
NATIONAL GUIDELINES
Albania
Albania is endemic for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum. Between 1998 and 2016, about 1631 VL cases have been reported. The disease is zoonotic and domestic dogs and wild canines serve as reservoir hosts, bringing the infection close to humans.
About 124 CL cases were reported during the same period. Cutaneous lesions usually present as small nodules or ulcerations.
Sandfly species prevalent are P. neglectus, P. perfiliewi and P.tobbi.
AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)
NATIONAL GUIDELINES
Algeria
Algeria is endemic for CL and VL.
CL is a serious public health problem; Algeria has the second largest focus in the world after Afghanistan. CL is also called “Biskra boil” in the local language. It is reported to be endemic in 328 third sub-national administrative levels with 10 million population at risk. Between 2004 and 2006, three major outbreaks of CL were reported with a total of 60 994 cases. In 2014, 5423 CL cases were reported with an incidence rate of 5.42 per 10 000 population
VL cases have been detected mainly from the central and eastern parts of the Tell region. New foci have appeared and the number of cases has resurged.
AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)
NATIONAL GUIDELINES
Argentina
Argentina is endemic for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by zoonotic Leishmania species.
Between 1998 and 2016, a total of 5,880 cases of CL have been reported with an annual average of 309 cases.
There are foci of visceral leishmaniasis caused by L.infantum with dog is main reservoir hosts. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by L. guyanensis, L. braziliensis and L amazonensis. Vector species prevalent are <Lu. whitmani, Lu. neivai, Lu. migonei and Lu. longipalpis
AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)
NATIONAL GUIDELINES
Armenia
Armenia is endemic for visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Since 2010, 117 autochtonous VL cases were reported. In the same period, 1 autochthonous and 3 imported CL cases were reported.
AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF NEW CASES PER DISEASE FORM (MAPS)
NATIONAL GUIDELINES